![]() There has been some state action at both the legislative and judicial levels, and also some cities have passed laws on these issues. ![]() However, Congress has not defined a baseline for police behavior. In the United States at the federal level, the Supreme Court has published many cases that define the intersection between policing and the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures. Additional rules apply to stops that occur on a bus. If the police stop a motor vehicle on minor infringements in order to investigate other suspected criminal activity, this is known as a pretextual stop. When police stop an automobile, this is known as a traffic stop. When police stop and search a pedestrian, this is commonly known as a stop and frisk. Reasonable suspicion is a lower standard than probable cause which is needed for arrest. ![]() A Terry stop in the United States allows the police to briefly detain a person based on reasonable suspicion of involvement in criminal activity.
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